Business law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business law - Case Study Example The organization has been amidst legitimate issues for numerous occasions and there has been substantial analysis on the items and tasks of the organization. As of late the organization has given the explanation that it has understood the blunders and it is on the way to more noteworthy corporate social obligation. The accompanying paper would consider every single such issue and it would be resolved whether the situation of the organization is defended. History of Monsanto Company Monsanto is the world’s driving maker of hereditarily built seeds, herbicides and other rural items. The organization is headquartered in Creve Coeur, Missouri. The organization was established in St. Louis in 1901 (Monsanto.com). The main item by the organization was fake sugar which was sold by the organization to Coca-Cola Company. Analysis has followed the organization from its absolute first item. The organization confronted analysis by wellbeing specialists for the antagonistic effects of the counterfeit sugar created by the organization on the soundness of the purchasers. After the creation of fake sugar, the organization acquainted caffeine and vanillin with Coca-Cola Company and after the presentation of these items it turned into the fundamental provider of the Coca-Cola Company. ... The organization at that point started the creation of various different items, for example, polystyrene, engineered filaments, herbicides, DDT, and the fake sugar. The organization needed to confront a debate again for the creation of DDT when the earthy people set forth their reservations with respect to the unfavorable impacts of DDT on the earth and the symptoms of its utilization on human wellbeing. In 1970s, the organization turned into the pioneer maker of optoelectronics. Monsanto turned into the principal organization to begin large scale manufacturing of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). In this time, the organization saw huge development in its incomes and the general deals of the organization multiplied after at regular intervals. The LED results of the organization were the pioneer items and they turned into the principles of the business. The organization has occupied with a few other disputable items in the past also. The organization was one of the most significant makers of Agent Orange for US military tasks in Vietnam. Napalm produced by the organization was seen as flawed as it was defiled with cancer-causing dioxin. The Agent Orange delivered by the organization made colossal harm the wellbeing of US warriors. The current center business of the organization was started in 1982 when the organization was the first to hereditarily alter a plant cell. The organization holds essential status for various items and in the event of hereditary adjustment of plants, the organization holds the pioneer status. Five years after the organization prevailing in hereditarily altering a plant cell, the organization directed the principal field trial of hereditarily designed yields. Along these lines, because of the colossal accomplishment of the organization in delivering hereditarily designed harvests, the organization

My Spring Break

My Spring Break Excited for the spring break? Spring Break or Midterm Break, as certain individuals call it, is seven days given to the understudies at colleges and schools in certain nations. Individuals for the most part leave the city to unwind and make the most of their time. The get-away meets with the end of the week occasion of St. Patrick's day. Consequently, I chose to go with my sister to watch the motorcade in South Boston. Going there was trying for us. While we were in the train station, everybody was going a similar way. We were in the group when out of nowhere everybody stopped.It was truly packed and we were unable to move until the train came and a few people jumped on it. At the point when we drew near to the train, we needed to hang tight for another. The travel police were advising individuals to push ahead for more space to the up and coming crowed. At long last, we jumped on the train with such pushing from individuals. It took us 30 minutes to show up at our go al. It was my first time seeing the procession. I didn't have the foggiest idea what's in store there. My sister and I remained there for about an hour holding on to see something until one man yell â€Å"I see the flags†.At that second, I was eager to perceive what was straightaway. A three youngsters showed up holding tremendous banners. That was trailed by various exhibitions, for example, Irish customary music and moving. Likewise, the procession incorporated a few warriors' gatherings from the Army and the Navy. Moreover, there were a few legislators who took an interest in the motorcade also. It was captivating to observe the entirety of that. You can advise that the individuals were prepared to celebrate. On our way, we saw how the greater part of them were donning green and heading there with family and friends.Some of them wore huge green caps and accessories, particularly the children. Others wore irregular outfits and painted their appearances. Individuals were bec oming inebriated and making the most of their time. The day was commended by the Irish as well as by individuals from various nations. Taking everything into account, heading off to the motorcade was an incredible encounter for me. I found out about the Irish culture and religion. Furthermore, I understood how it is significant for them to commend this day. It was extraordinary imparting that to them and becoming more acquainted with them very close. I certainly making the most of my day.

Guest Post Think Pink 2011

Guest Post Think Pink 2011 This guest post on LGBT life at MIT comes to us from Cory Hernandez (14), a political science major and a worker at MITs Rainbow Lounge. For more information, be sure to check out other posts from regular admissions bloggers, or visit MITs official site for LGBT issues. I remember doing the Housing Lotteryâ€"reading and watching i3s, visiting dorm websites, trying to remember experiences from CPW. There was a lot of information, yet it was still difficult to make sense of each living group’s general culture from all that I knew. And it was especially hard to figure out one thing in particularâ€"how accepting would that group be of my sexual orientation? Barely any groups volunteered the information; but one did, and I knew that one was right for me. Senior Haus had a line in their i3 that read something like (paraphrased), “We don’t care if you’re gay, straight, bi…” which instantly sold me. I’ve lived there for two semesters, and plan on staying for the foreseeable future. Though it was fairly easy for me, I understand that Senior Haus, and other places that were openly inviting of LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer) people, definitely do not have cultures that everyone is drawn to. Thus, I know of many LGBTQ students who have a lot of difficulty finding a place that is both accepting of who they are and culturally acceptable. Moreover, I know of many straight allies who have difficulty finding a place that is in line with their social and cultural standards. In order to solve these issues, [emailprotected], the undergraduate LGBTQ group, started the Living Pink Guide in the early 2000s. It originally began as an opt-in survey of a very few, very simple questions. The last time it was published was in 2005. Seeing that many cultures have changed with the student body, a few undergraduates took on the arduous task to redo the guide, and the survey that yields the results for the guide. The Living Pink Guide gets at the heart of how accepting a specific living group is towards LGBTQ people. It tells students this by looking at data from the survey’s questions like “How would you feel about living in the same living group as someone who identifies as LGBTQ?” and “How often do people in your living group use words such as ‘faggot,’ ‘dyke,’ or ‘gay’ in a joking and/or derogatory manner? Please consider both verbal assaults and comments like ‘Thats so gay’”, among many other questions. Plus, the Guide has comments from respondents regarding their personal experiences with LGBTQ issues in their living groups. With help from the Residential Life Office (RLO), the Rainbow Lounge (RL) and Student Activities Office (SAO), the Fraternities, Sororities, and Independent Living Groups (FSILG) Office, the Institute Research Office (IRO), [emailprotected], the Dormitory Council (DormCon), the Interfraternity Council (IFC), Panhellic Association (Panhel), and the Living Group Council (LGC), the survey was completed by over 1300 undergraduates and had responses from all but one living group, including all 12 dorms, 27 fraternities, 6 sororities, and 6 independent living groups. A couple of really interesting things that the survey included this year that weren’t included in years past are the space for an additional affiliation, and the question of LGBTQ identity status and gender identity. With the former, the Guide will not only reflect the attitudes of the students who officially live in a given living group, but also those students who spend a lot of time at another group or are affiliated with said groupâ€"for instance, a student who lives at Random Hall but spends a lot of time at pika, an independent living group. This is important because it’s not only the people who officially reside in a living group that affect the culture, but also those who spend a lot of time there. With the latter, by asking for LGBTQ identity status and gender identity, the Guide is able to include overall statistics for the entire student body based on those aforementioned factors. Additionally, it could be intriguing to see how one student’s view on a living group’s acceptance towards LGBTQ people differs from other students’. For example, it could be the case that a straight student believes that their living group is completely accepting of LGBTQ people, but a student who identifies as LGBTQ in that same group views the group as almost entirely not accepting. Thus, the Living Pink Guide has been produced to help undergraduate students find the right dorm or FSILG to live at. The survey was made with large contributions by students from [emailprotected], as well as assistance from the RLO, the RL and the SAO, the FSILG Office, the IRO, DormCon, the IFC, Panhel, and the LGC. The actual Guide itself can be found in print in the Rainbow Lounge (50-005) as well as online. The data were compiled by undergraduate students from [emailprotected] including Jenna Caldwell (’11) and myself. Post Tagged #LGBTQ+

Teaching the Id, Ego, and Superego With Dr. Seuss

One of the best secondary classroom crossover units between the discipline of English Language Arts and the courses that cover Psychology—usually through the discipline of Social Studies—is a unit on the National Council of Teachers of English  (NCTE)  on their  Read, Write, Think  website.  This unit covers the key concepts of Freudian psychology as a science or as a tool for literary analysis  in a highly engaging manner. The unit is titled  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Id, Ego, and the Superego in Dr. Seuss’s  The Cat in the Hat. Julius Wright of  Charleston, South Carolina—the lesson creator—uses  the iconic elementary text from The Cat in the Hat  to teach students to analyze a literary work using the plot, theme, characterization, and psychoanalytic criticism. The unit is designed for eight 50 minute sessions. Students will read Dr. Seusss  The Cat in the Hat  and analyze the development of each character from the text and pictures using Sigmund Freuds  personality theories. The students will determine which characters exhibit the characteristics of id, ego, or superego. Students can also analyze the static nature of characters (i.e.: Thing 1 Thing 2) locked in one stage. Wright provides student-friendly definitions and commentary for each psychoanalytic stage in one of the handouts on the  Read, Write, Think  website. Freuds Psychoanalytic Personality Theory for Students Wright provides a student-friendly description for each of the three elements of personality: The id is the part of the personality that contains our primitive impulses—such as thirst, anger, hunger—and the desire for instant gratification or release. The id wants whatever feels good at the time, with no consideration for the other circumstances of the situation. The id is  sometimes represented by a devil sitting on someone’s shoulder. As this devil sits  there, he tells the ego to base behavior on how the action will influence the self, specifically how it will bring the self pleasure. Example from the Dr. Seuss text, The Cat in the Hat: â€Å"I know some good games we could play,† said the cat.â€Å"I know some new tricks,† said the Cat in the Hat.â€Å"A lot of good tricks. I will show them to you.Your mother will not mind at all if I do.† Wrights student-friendly description for the Superego  stage: The superego is the part of the personality that represents the conscience, the moral part of us. The superego develops due to the moral and ethical restraints placed on us by our caregivers. It dictates our belief of right and wrong. The superego is sometimes represented by an angel sitting on someone’s shoulder, telling the ego to base behavior on how the action will influence society. Example from the Dr. Seuss text,  The Cat in the Hat: â€Å"No! Not in the house!† Said the fish in the pot.â€Å"They should not fly kites In a house! They should not.Oh, the things they will bump! Oh, the things they will hit!Oh, I do not like it! Not one little bit!† Wrights student-friendly description for the  Ego stage: The ego is the part of the personality that maintains a balance between our impulses (our id) and our conscience (our superego). The ego works, in other words, to balance the id and superego. The ego is represented by a person, with a devil (the id) on one shoulder and an angel (the superego) on the other. Example from the Dr. Seuss text,  The Cat in the Hat: â€Å"So we sat in the house. We did nothing at all.So all we could do was to Sit! Sit! Sit! Sit!And we did not like it. Not one little bit.† There are many examples in ​The Cat in the Hat, and the personality types may overlap, which encourages healthy debate and discussion between students. Common Core  Standards Other handouts for this unit include a  Defining Characterization  worksheet that supports details about direct and indirect characterization, as well as a chart of the five different methods of indirect characterization for students to use in analyzing The Cat in the Hat.  There are also extension activities featured on the handout  The Cat in the Hat  Projects  with a list of potential essay topics for an analytical or evaluative essay of characters. The lesson meets specific Common Core standards, such as these anchor standards (for grades 7-12) for reading that can be met with this lesson: Analyze how and why individuals, events, or ideas develop and interact over the course of a text.Compare and contrast treatments of the same topic in several primary and secondary sources. If there is an essay assigned from suggested topics, the anchor writing standards (for grades 7-12)  for writing could be met: Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content. Using the Illustrations as a Visual Guide In teaching the lessons, it is very important that each student has a copy of The Cat in the Hat  as  the illustrations contribute to their characterizations of the different Freudian stages. In teaching the lesson to grade 10 students, many of their observations were centered around pictures. For example, students could connect illustrations to specific behaviors: The bland faces of the Narrator and his sister, Sally, at the beginning (ego stage);The manic behavior of Thing 1 and Thing 2 as they fly kites in the house (id stage);The fish out of the water, risking his life to lecture the Narrator and Sally (superego). Literary Analysis and  Psychology Class Students in grades 10-12 may be taking psychology or AP Psychology as an elective. They may be already familiar with Sigmund Freuds work  Beyond the Pleasure Principle  (1920),  The Ego and the Id  (1923), or  Freud’s seminal work  The Interpretation of Dreams (1899). For all students, Psychoanalytic Criticism builds on the Freudian theories of psychology.  The OWL at Purdue website features the commentary of  Lois Tyson. Her book, Critical Theory Today, A User Friendly Guide discusses a number of critical theories that students may use in text analysis.   In the chapter on psychoanalytic criticism, Tyson notes that: [...]Some critics believe that we read psychoanalytically[...]to see which concepts are operating in the text in such a way as to enrich our understanding of the work and, if we plan to write a paper about it, to yield a meaningful, coherent psychoanalytic interpretation  (29). Suggested questions for literary analysis using psychoanalytic criticism are also on the OWL website include:   How can characters behavior, narrative events, and/or images be explained in terms of psychoanalytic concepts of any kind?What does the work suggest about the psychological being of its author?What might a given interpretation of a literary work suggest about the psychological motives of the reader?Are there prominent words in the piece that could have different or hidden meanings?Could there be a subconscious reason for the author using these problem words? Literary Applications of  Psychoanalysis After the unit students can take this idea and analyze a different piece of literature.  The use of psychoanalytic criticism humanizes literary characters, and discussions after this lesson can help students develop an understanding of human nature. Students can use their understanding of id, ego, and superego from this lesson and apply these understandings to characters in more sophisticated works, for example:   Frankenstein  and the Monsters shifts between id and superego.Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde  and his attempts to control id through science.Hamlet  and his ego as he wrestles with the dilemma of avenging his fathers murder. All literature can be viewed through this psychoanalytic lens.

A Guide to Conjugating Battre (to Beat)

The French word battre means to beat. (The reflexive se battre means to fight, as does the verb combattre.) It is an irregular -re verb, meaning youll have to memorize the conjugations, rather than rely knowing on the regular -re conjugation pattern. How to Conjugate the French Verb Battre You can start as you would when conjugating a regular -re verb and determine the stem by dropping the -re (batt-). Heres where things deviate from a regular verb: In the present tense, the singular forms also drop the second t. These charts show you how to conjugate this irregular verb. (Other verbs that include battre, like  abattre, combattre  and dà ©battre, also follow this irregular pattern.) Present Future Imperfect Present Participle je bats battrai battais battant tu bats battras battais il bat battra battait nous battons battrons battions vous battez battrez battiez ils battent battront battaient Subjunctive Conditional Pass simple Imperfect subjunctive je batte battrais battis battisse tu battes battrais battis battisses il batte battrait battit battt nous battions battrions battmes battissons vous battiez battriez batttes battissiez ils battent battraient battirent battissent   Ã‚  Imperative(tu)bats(nous)battons(vous)battez How to Use  Battre  in the Past Tense Though this is a lesson about simple conjugation, its important to touch on the compound tense passà © composà ©, as it is the most common way to put something in the past tense in French. For battre, the auxiliary verb is avoir and the past participle is battu. For example: Il a battu les oeufs avec une fourchette.He beat the eggs with a fork.

Experience from Part Time Job Free Essays

EXPERIENCE FROM PART-TIME JOB Every young person eventually needs to consider a career path, and working part-time jobs are a common way to gain experience in determining which career field is right for the individual. Part-time jobs are good way to gain experience not only in a particular position, but are also instrumental in teaching a newcomer to the working world a number of important skills that are necessary to succeed in the long-term. From the real situation – one day to be a serving staff at a coffee shop, I myself find that part-time work activities give me many useful lessons. We will write a custom essay sample on Experience from Part Time Job or any similar topic only for you Order Now Working environment is the way to have many interactions between us and customers, partners, also the managers. The important thing I want to mention is â€Å"to be welcoming, friendly and polite†. Sometimes, the complaint of customers, the criticism of the manager make u so confused. However, learning how to suffer from such things like that is also a lesson when you are engaged in a part-time job. So, â€Å"work quickly and stay calm under pressure†. Besides, being in working environment compels me to improve communication skills. At the first time, I felt so shy because of my influent communicability. But, thank to character of the job, I try to overcome myself and make it better as much as possible. I think it works some way. Finally, what I learned from a part-time job is ability to multi-task. Having organization skills is very important even in the most unorganized, chaotic atmosphere. Although the part-time job I chose is not relevant to my major, I still think it`s useful, at least in the current time. Part-time jobs are a good way to learn experience not only about working, but offer a number of soft skills that I am sure it will be very necessary for my job in the future. How to cite Experience from Part Time Job, Essays

Bogdan Ficeac 8211 The Communist censorship and th Essay Example For Students

Bogdan Ficeac 8211 The Communist censorship and th Essay e formation of the new manBogdan Ficeac The Communist Censorship and theFormation of the New Man, Nemira Publishing House,Politica collection ,1999, Bucharest, 125 pagesFirst published in 1999 at Nemira publishing house in the Politica collection, i may say that it is one of the first books that looks upon the instruments of opression and manipultion during the communist rgime period in Romania. But what stroke me about Ficeacs book was the multitude of examples of how the Communist Party very rapidly succeded in gaining control over all the forms of mass-information of that time. The study that Bogdan Ficeac makes is quite thoroughly, a proof of the hard work of collecting data that he had done. The book consists mainly of two parts. The first part deals with the internal motivation of a totalitatian rgime to make its citizens to worship the political leaders. The second one is more arid because of the many quatations from the RCP govrmental ordinances, laws, and regulamentations, but in spite of this fact is the juciest part of the book, you will convince of that yourselves. The subject is not new, but the approach is very accurate.First, an social-psychological attempt to find the utility of thought control for totalitarian rgimes, because thought control is what Ficeac says is the supreme goal of a communist or fundamentalist rgime. If you ever wondered how did the socialists induce that great amount of obedience to the great majority of the population, the answer that Bogdan Ficeac offers will surprise some of you it is not a case of obedience but rather a case of belief, a much more internal resort.The main goal of the leaders of a totalitarian system is not to govern by the use of force (coercion) nor to destroy their enemies, but rather to determine their the subjects to sincerely think the way the leaders want. In order to achieve that the leaders resort to controling the information. Thus, the indivuduals life experience and the totality of his impressions, conceptions and life conclusions are remodeled for the use of the leaders. What is the use of the leaders if not a population of hard-working, 100% compliant individuals ? Only that the leaders (do you remember ?) want their subjects to act according to the state ideology freely, by every citizen own choice. In that sense, they (the leaders) begin to create the proper framework for the (artificial) emrgence of what Ficeac calls the new man. In Romania this complicated and wicked plan was carried following the USSRs example, sometimes even to the smallest details, a good example in this sense I can recall the replacement of the word censure with a more soften formula : the control of the press, publications, and printings. This replacement has not brought any change; on the contrary, it was made for a better concealment of the hardening of the state control over basically any type of source of information. The communist rgimes controlled all the sources of mass information for two reasons: on one hand to feed the minds of their subjects so as to direct them in the desired direction and on the other to eliminate the other sources of information that could jeopardize their mission. Bogdan Ficeac takes a close look at the emotional and internal aspects of how people embrace the state ideology and censorship. Here he identifies eight ways trough which the state can gain control over the peoples mind : the control of human communications, the mystic manipulation, the purity request, the cult of confession, the sacred science, the re-molding of the language, the doctrine above human, and the social delimitation. The author gives examples for every way showing the actions through which the Romanian Communist Party concealed any facts that would have prejudiced the reputation of the socialist system (you have to bear in mind that the Cold War was on and the Soviet Union along with all its allies wanted to prove to the whole human kind that a socialist rgime was the best system ever, for they posed in defenders of human rights, liberty, and popular democracy ). This is not new for Ficeac, who had studied the phenomenon of manipulation very closely and he has underlined the effects of mental manipulation especially through mass-media. The theorists of totalitarianism use lie as their most effective instrument in order to redefine the past (the national and even international history) and finally the language. By redefining the language they ease the implementation of the new theories concerning the superiority of the socialist rgime. .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425 , .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425 .postImageUrl , .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425 , .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425:hover , .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425:visited , .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425:active { border:0!important; } .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425:active , .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425 .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucbae0643696018df352d4ef58a08a425:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Ramayana Family Role EssayBibliography:1.Bogdan Ficeac, Tehnici de manipulare(rom), Nemira 2.R.J. Lifton, Reforma gandirii si psihologia totalitarianismului (rom.) blishing House, Politica collection, 1998

English Essays (1311 words) - Ocean Pollution,

English ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Automobiles like these are around the world everyday, and their exhaust destroys our air everyday. Our environment is a major aspect of our life today. Many of us don't take our Earth seriously and think that as long as pollution doesn't hurt them they can go ahead and throw garbage on the ground or spill oil down the drain. Well to many people have that theory and they are killing off our Earth and also physically harming themselves from the air they breath and the water they swim in. Our Earth is fragile like a human and people don't know. There are many different types of environmental pollution (e.g. Water, air, atmospheric.) Scientists believe that all cities with populations exceeding 50,000 have some degree of air pollution. Burning garbage in open dumps causes air pollution, and also it smells pretty bad. Air pollution comes from many different sources. One of the major sources is carbon monoxide which manly comes from automobiles, but also burning of fossil fuels, CFCs etc. Air pollution does not leave the Earth it all gets trapped up in the atmosphere. This doesn't bother most people, and they think that it will not harm them. People burn down forests and people burn fossil fuels, and CFCs from aerosols. Every bit of this harms our atmosphere. Factories and transportation depend on huge amounts of fuel billions of tons of coal and oil are consumed around the world every year. When these fuels burn they introduce smoke and other, less visible, by-products into the atmosphere. Although wind and rain occasionally wash away the smoke given off by power plants and automobiles, the cumulative effect of ai r pollution poses a grave threat to humans and the environment. A big example of smog is LA you can see the smog just hovering above the city. I don't think any human alive should be subject to that kind of environment. Scientists believe that all cities with populations exceeding 50,000 have some degree of air pollution. Burning garbage in open dumps causes air pollution Scientist have discovered that over the South Pole the ozone has a high level of ozone depletion. A computer-enhanced map, taken from satellite observations of ozone levels in the atmosphere over the South Pole, shows the region of ozone depletion that has begun to appear each spring over Antarctica. When you look at this picture you can see the big red spot right above the South Pole. If this depletion opens up dangerous and deadly UV Rays from the sun will come into Earth. Air pollution causes global warming which scientist believe is making the Earth warmer and melting ice up in the South and North Pole. The country Holland has had water from the ocean got too high for them and flooded into towns. Holland spent millions of dollars to put up "dikes" which are big barriers in the water to prevent their town to be completely submerged. With the ocean getting deeper coastal cites all around the world could flood, billions of dollars would be spent to try to prevent it, but in a while it could not be stopped. Instead of waiting and having to spend all this money why don't we put it together today and try different ways of preventing air pollution, it would be much easier than all the trouble of stopping flooding. Water pollution is another major aspect of environmental pollution. Water pollution is scary because over 75% of our Earth is covered by the ocean. Water pollution comes from many different sources around the world. One major pollutant that destroys the ocean is oil spills. The oil from an oil spill kills hundreds of sea animals from fish, to whales, to birds. Below is a small list of just some of the major oil spills. Notice how many tons were spilled into our ocean... Notable Oil Spills Date Location Description Tons spilled Jan.-June, 1942 East coast of U.S. German U-boat attacks on tankers after 590,000 March 18, 1967 Land's End, Cornwall, England Grounding of 'Torrey Canyon' 119,000 June 13, 1968 South Africa Hull failure of 'World Glory' 46,000 Nov. 5, 1969 Massachusetts Hull failure of 'Keo' 30,000 March 20, 1970

Ovids Account of Aphrodite and Adonis

Ovid's Account of Aphrodite and Adonis The love goddess of the Greeks, Aphrodite, usually made other people fall in love (or lust, more often than not), but sometimes she, too, was smitten. In this story of Adonis and Aphrodite, which comes from the tenth book of, the Roman poet Ovid summarizes Aphrodites ill-fated love affair with Adonis. Aphrodite fell in love with lots of males. The hunter Adonis was one of these. It was his good looks that attracted the goddess and now the very name Adonis is synonymous with male beauty. Ovid says that by Aphrodites falling in love with him, the mortal Adonis avenged the incest between his parent Myrrha and her father Cinyras and then he caused Aphrodite intolerable grief when he was killed. The original act of incest was provoked by unquenchable lust caused by Aphrodite. Note the geographic locations of cult sites that Aphrodite is accused of neglecting: Paphos, Cythera, Cnidos, and Amathus. Also, note the detail of Aphrodite flying with swans. Since this is part of the work on physical transformations by Ovid, the dead Adonis is turned into something else, a flower. Also worth noting: Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite V. This hymn tells the story of Aphrodites love affair with the mortal Anchises.Aspects of Venus (Aphrodite) Ovids Story The following is Arthur Goldings translation from 1922 of the section of the tenth book of Ovids Metamorphoses on the love story of Adonis and Aphrodite: That son of sister and grandfather, whowas lately hidden in his parent tree,just lately born, a lovely baby boyis now a youth, now man more beautiful825 than during growth. He wins the love of Venusand so avenges his own mothers passion.For while the goddess son with quiver heldon the shoulder, once was kissing his loved mother,it chanced unwittingly he grazed her breast830 with a projecting arrow. Instantlythe wounded goddess pushed her son away;but the scratch had pierced her deeper than she thoughtand even Venus was at first deceived.Delighted with the beauty of the youth,835 she does not think of her Cytherian shoresand does not care for Paphos, which is girtby the deep sea, nor Cnidos, haunts of fish,nor Amathus far-famed for precious ores.Venus, neglecting heaven, prefers Adonis840 to heaven, and so she holds close to his waysas his companion, and forgets to restat noon-day in the shade, neglecting the careof her sweet beauty. She goes through the woods,and over mountain ridges and wild fields,845 rocky and thorn-set, bare to her white kneesafter Dianas manner. And she cheersthe hounds, intent to hunt for harmless prey,such as the leaping hare, or the wild stag,high-crowned with branching antlers, or the doe.850 she keeps away from fierce wild boars, awayfrom ravenous wolves; and she avoids the bearsof frightful claws, and lions glutted withthe blood of slaughtered cattle.She warns you,855 Adonis, to beware and fear them. If her fearsfor you were only heeded! Oh be brave,she says, against those timid animalswhich fly from you; but courage is not safeagainst the bold. Dear boy, do not be rash,860 do not attack the wild beasts which are armedby nature, lest your glory may cost megreat sorrow. Neither youth nor beauty northe deeds which have moved Venus have effecton lions, bristling boars, and on the eyes865 and tempers of wild beasts. Boars have the forceof lightning in their curved tusks, and the rageof tawny lions is unlimited.I fear and hate them all.Wh en he inquires870 the reason, she says: I will tell it; youwill be surprised to learn the bad resultcaused by an ancient crime. But I am wearywith unaccustomed toil; and see! a poplarconvenient offers a delightful shade875 and this lawn gives a good couch. Let us restourselves here on the grass. So saying, shereclined upon the turf and, pillowingher head against his breast and mingling kisseswith her words, she told him the following tale: Story of Atalanta My dear Adonis keep away from allsuch savage animals; avoid all thosewhich do not turn their fearful backs in flightbut offer their bold breasts to your attack,1115 lest courage should be fatal to us both.Indeed she warned him. Harnessing her swans,she traveled swiftly through the yielding air;but his rash courage would not heed the advice.By chance his dogs, which followed a sure track,1120 aroused a wild boar from his hiding place;and, as he rushed out from his forest lair,Adonis pierced him with a glancing stroke.Infuriate, the fierce boars curved snoutfirst struck the spear-shaft from his bleeding side;1125 and, while the trembling youth was seeking whereto find a safe retreat, the savage beastraced after him, until at last, he sankhis deadly tusk deep in Adonis groin;and stretched him dying on the yellow sand.1130 And now sweet Aphrodite, borne through airin her light chariot, had not yet arrivedat Cyprus, on the wings of her white swans.Afar she recognized his dying groans,and turned her white birds towards the sound. And when1135 down looking from the lofty sky, she sawhim nearly dead, his body bathed in blood,she leaped downtore her garmenttore her hair and beat her bosom with distracted hands.And blaming Fate said, But not everything1140 is at the mercy of your cruel power.My sorrow for Adonis will remain,enduring as a lasting monument.Each passing year the memory of his deathshall cause an imitation of my grief.1145 Your blood, Adonis, will become a flowerperennial. Was it not allowed to youPersephone, to transform Menthes limbsinto sweet fragrant mint? And can this changeof my loved hero be denied to me?1150 Her grief declared, she sprinkled his blood withsweet-smelling nectar, and his blood as soonas touched by it began to effervesce,just as transparent bubbles always risein rainy weather. Nor was there a pause1155 more than an hour, when from Adonis, blood,exactly of its color, a loved flowersprang up, such as pomegranates give to us,small trees w hich later hide their seeds beneatha tough rind. But the joy it gives to man1160 is short-lived, for the winds which give the flowerits name, Anemone, shake it right down,because its slender hold, always so weak,lets it fall to the ground from its frail stem.

CAPM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

CAPM - Assignment Example An investment of risky investment calls for compensation of the respective investor for the time and money devoted to the investment. Typically, the time value of money is symbolized by risk free (rf) in the formula. This is meant to reimburse an investor for investing money for some period of time. On the other hand, the risk measures the amount of reparation that is needed by an investor for taking an additional risk. It is computed by taking the beta that measures the return of the asset in the market over a period and market premium. Other assumptions of the model are: there is perfect competition in the market and, therefore, an individual cannot affect any price of an asset by selling or buying. All the investors have the same information regarding the availability of the securities prices and their respective risks involved. All investors in the market have an idea of making decisions based on variances and expected returns of the portfolios they desire to invest. It should be noted that beta indeed measures the amount of risk that is involved in investing in a particular stock in relation to the market risk. For example, if the market beta is 1 and an investor’s security has a beta of 2, it would be riskier than an investor’s security of 0.25. The theory postulate that expected return of a portfolio is equal to risk free security plus a risk premium then multiplied by systematic risk of the asset. Ra = rf + Beta (rm –rf). For example in the market, the risk free rate =4%, the beta of the stock = 2 and market return is 12% over time, the expected return of the stock will be 4%+2(12%-4%) =20%. The beta, therefore, provides an answer to the risk return relationship. CAPM model provides a vital account for pricing the debt and equity. This is because it takes into consideration factors like risk free rate that is

INVESTIGATE A FAMILY VIOLENCE TOPIC AT A NATIONAL LEVEL Research Paper

INVESTIGATE A FAMILY VIOLENCE TOPIC AT A NATIONAL LEVEL - Research Paper Example (Severson, 2011) It was reported in the Seattle Times on April 2, 2007 that Rebecca Griego was â€Å"stalked and murdered at the University of Washington by an abusive ex-boyfriend, who then killed himself.† (Carr, et al, 2007) It was reported by The New York Times on the 10th day of April 2011 that a woman was killed by her boyfriend who inflicted multiple stab wounds. Neighbors heard her screaming but by the time the police located her it was too late. An article published in The New Citizens Press October 23, 2009 reports that in 2007 45 individuals were killed in Michigan in domestic violence related homicides in Michigan. The weapons of choice is stated to have been a firearm and over 50% of the victims were killed by a firearm and 25% of the victims were killed by being stabbed. In 40% of the cases, the relationship had ended or was going to end. Most of the cases had a prior history of domestic violence, all except two of the domestic homicides were perpetrated by males . It was reported January 27, 2010 by the Houston Chronicle that the pastor of a church located in the area of Houston had been accused of domestic violence. The victim was the pastor’s estranged wife.

Effectiveness of Sports Sponsorship

Effectiveness of Sports Sponsorship Introduction â€Å"Few marketing platforms can match the brand building opportunities offered by sports sponsorships, with the guarantee of exposure in print, broadcast and new media. In the highly emotive world of sport, the audience sees sponsorship as support for something to which they feel great attachment. An average of more than 150 million viewers watched each football match in Euro 2004, with 273 million people tuning in for the final, and in the UK, the highest audience was 20.7 million.† (Margraff, 2005) However, advertising avoidance in the UK is now reaching terminal proportions. A recent study conducted by Continental Research found that 45% of UK adults agree with the statement â€Å"Given the chance I avoid TV ads as much as I can†.. (Evans, 2006) Despite this, and the fact that consumers are spending less and less time consuming traditional media, Evans (2006) reports that lazy marketers still siphon off the majority of their budget to TV and magazines. Smarter adve rtisers, however, are devising new ways to interact with their target audience. As a result the main feature of the course of the year will undoubtedly be in June, where the World Cup will break all sponsorship records, and will be the showcase for brands to interact with their consumers like never before. Brands will attempt to emulate Pringles, which partnered Yahoo! Sports coverage during Euro 2004 to build awareness around its ‘dream team’ concept. (Evans, 2006) For sponsors, such viewing figures underline why it is so important to be associated with football tournaments and indeed any sports tournaments of magnitude. As a result, Cornwell et al (2005) have concluded that sponsorship of sports tournaments has now become a mainstream marketing communications tool. However, whereas sponsorship involves a fee paid in advance for future potential communication values, advertising offers a more knowable and more controlled communication. Furthermore, whereas sponsorship requires leveraging: promotional spending in addition to the sponsorship fee to o btain the greatest value, advertising is often sponsorships most valuable leverage. Sponsorships may also be directed toward consumers, channel members, financial institutions, government, community, and employees. As a result, in order to gauge the full effectiveness of sports sponsorship on marketing and branding, this review will review several different academic journals with varying methodologies, from empirical studies to more pure theoretical approaches, in an attempt to judge the most successful approaches The methodologies of the journals will be examined in more detail at the end of the review, and the conclusion will attempt to uncover the most effective methods used, as well as commenting upon the true value of tournament sponsorship in the context of modern marketing. Whilst the main focus of the methodology analysis will be on the contrast between the empirical, practical, studies and the more abstract, theoretical models, there may be more important analysis contained within the articles which use marketing paradigms as their dominant approach. Within the context of tournament sponsorship, the paradigm approach focuses on examining the specific thought patterns, both of the marketers designing the campaigns, and the target audience experiencing them. As a result, paradigms offer a much greater insight into the effectiveness of the tournament sponsorship than pure practical or theoretical approaches. However, a multi paradigm approach provides even greater insight, as it looks at differing thought patterns within target segments, and between marketers in the same sector, or even the same firm. This degree of complexity means that multi paradigms have not often been used in the context of tournament sponsorship, but wherever they have been encount ered, they have been identified and analysed, using the four interacting paradigms defined by Burrell and Morgan’s (1979) work on multi paradigms Literature Review Sports Sponsorship Overview Grohs et al (2004) analysed recent surveys which found that, while managers tended to favour media coverage around ten years ago, now they rate sponsor awareness and image transfer from the sponsored event to the sponsor as the main reasons for engaging in sport sponsorship.. However, the evaluation of sponsorship has not kept up with this change in priorities, and companies often seem reluctant to evaluate sponsor and spectator awareness even though measurement is straightforward and not very costly. An important reason might be that previous studies showed the unsatisfying effects of â€Å"ambush marketing†, a form of marketing where other firms make consumers believe, incorrectly, that these companies are the actual sponsors of an event. This phenomenon will be covered in more detail later in the review but, in the case of image transfer, evaluation seems to be difficult due to a lack of a compelling comprehensive and testable model Despite these concerns, corporate spending on sport sponsorship continues to escalate: up 3.7% from 2001 to 2002, with several companies reportedly spending over $100 million each year (Stotlar, 2004). Sport sponsorship has been shown in the literature to be a viable component contributing to market strategy, however of late, the downward movement in many corporate stocks through 2003, projected earnings shortfalls, and decreased company profitability has caused some shareholders to question sport sponsorship as an appropriate expenditure of funds because little empirical evidence of return on investment has been provided. However, this can be primarily viewed as being because many corporations have failed to assess sponsorships effectiveness in meeting their objectives. Perhaps the lack of assessment exists because the process for evaluation has not been solidified in theory or practice; thus an evaluation model for sport sponsorship based on the myriad of contributing factors is ne eded. Stakeholder Perspectives Cornwell et al (2001a) reports that sponsorship of sporting and other events has become an increasingly popular marketing communications vehicle. However, Cornwell et al (2001a) join the ranks of academics who claim that precious little research has investigated how sponsorship participation is beneficial to a firm and its brands. Thus their study explores how managers view the brand equity building capabilities of their sponsorship linked marketing programs over time and, in a two-phase survey, fifty managers reported on the value of sponsorships in building brand equity. Findings showed that leverage, the use of advertising and promotion to support the sponsorship, and active management involvement are significant predictors of both the perceived differentiation of the brand from its competitors and adding financial value to the brand. To put tournament sponsorship in perspective, the sponsorship of sports, causes, and events has become an established communications tool seen as useful in building brand awareness, brand image, and corporate image (Javalgi et al. 1994; McDonald 1991; Quester 1997; Turco 1995; Witcher et al. 1991). Brand awareness and image, in turn, are integral to the idea of brand equity, the set of value-adding assets linked to a brand (Aaker 1996). Both academic (Keller 1993; Park and Srinivasan 1994) and business writers confirm the role that sponsorship can play in building equity for the brand. Indeed, Keller (1993, p. 10), in his theoretical development of customer-based brand equity, notes that anything that causes the consumer to experience or be exposed to the brand has the potential to increase familiarity and awareness. Likewise, promotion industry analysts find sponsorship popular as a platform from which to build equity and gain affinity with target audiences (Smith 1996, p. 15). Empi rical work, however, concentrates on only a few brand equity elements, for example, brand awareness Sandler and Shani (1992), brand preference Nicholls and Roslow, (1994), corporate image Turco (1995), and adding financial value to the brand (Cornwell et al, 2001b). As a result, Cornwell and Maignan (1998) claim that no study has considered a broad range of equity elements, thus Cornwell et al (2001a) therefore explore the potential of sponsorship to build various aspects of brand equity, with their purpose being to develop an understanding of how managers view the brand equity building capabilities of their sponsorship-linked marketing programs. However, of concern to managers is that, whilst the sponsorship of football is a multi million pound industry, with many sponsors hoping that supporters enthusiasm for their team will translate into long term benefits for the sponsor, the intensity of team rivalry means that a sponsorship may also alienate opposing supporters. Davies et al (2006) examined the rival Glasgow clubs, Celtic and Rangers, who undertook a joint sponsorship arrangement with the communications company NTL, investigating how the benefits obtained compared to those that may have been expected from a single sponsorship. While the sponsorship was very effective in creating awareness for NTL and very profitable for the clubs; Davies et al (2006) found ambivalent attitudes towards the company, with the most committed supporters being the least accepting of the sponsorship, and the expected positive relationship between support for the club and brand preference for NTL was not found. Of course, the companies and participants are not the only stakeholders in a sponsorship deal, especially for major events. One example of this is in tobacco sponsorship of sporting events, where the opinions of government, health activists, and sport organizers towards the concept have been widely discussed and debated. This paper Danyichuk (2000) contributes a new perspective to the debate by providing input from spectators at a major sporting event obtaining four hundred spectator respondents to a paper and pencil survey at a Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA) event that had a tobacco company as its title sponsor. The questions elicited demographic information in addition to spectator smoking habits, awareness of title sponsor, awareness of current tobacco legislation, opinion concerning tobacco sponsorship, and suggestions for alternative sponsorship. The final results actually indicated that 73% supported tobacco sponsorship; 11 % opposed it; and the remaining 16% had n o opinion. Those opposed to tobacco sponsorship cited health implications of tobacco use, negative influence on young people, and negative aspects of tobacco promotion in general, and some spectators provided specific examples of alternative sponsors whilst the majority of others indicated that the willingness and financial interest of a potential sponsor were key elements of the sponsorship arrangement. The final interpretation of this was that, whilst it would be better to have found another sponsor, it was better to have a tobacco company than no sponsor at all. Given that events would always prefer to have a sponsor, where possible, Westerbeek (2000) tested the hypothesis that â€Å"revenue maximization of the tenants of sports facilities is dependent on the geographical location of the facility, or the ‘location of distribution’†. To test this hypothesis, revenue maximization was operationalised pertaining to sponsorship, and a survey instrument was sent to all sponsors of a Melbourne based football club. The sponsors were grouped as location dependent and location independent based on the location of their head office and financial turnover achieved in the area around the sports facility. The survey thus collected information on three different steps in the sports consumption process including ‘coming to the sports facility’, ‘being in and around the sports facility’ and ‘being serviced in the sports facility, and found that revenue was geographically dependent when the sponsor was simil arly location dependent. Finally, Payne (1998) conducted a study into the practice of â€Å"ambush marketing†, and its effect on stakeholder, using the example of The Olympic Games which, as the world’s largest and most prestigious sports event, has been a major target for ambush marketing activity. The position of the International Olympic Committee is that the practice of ambush marketing represents a deliberate attempt to mislead consumers into believing that the companies involved are supporters of the Olympic Games. However, it was found that the effects were most marked on the other stakeholders: the activities of ambushers were found to erode the integrity of major events and lessen the benefits to official sponsors, who are the real supporters of such events. Ambush marketing has been criticised heavily as it breaches one of the fundamental tenets of business activity, namely, truth in advertising and business communications. As a result, the IOC, as custodian of the Olympic Games, succ essfully adopts a twofold strategy of protection and prevention to counter the threat of ambush marketing. Integrating the marketing approach Statistics show that sponsorship of sports and other events is one of the fastest growing areas of promotion, despite the fact that the importance of this persuasion strategy is not reflected in the amount of attention it has received in the marketing literature. Although some research has been done in this area, the majority of work has not employed the same theoretical and methodological rigor given other areas of consumer behaviour. Some scholars, such as McDaniel (1999) have suggested that sponsorship functions like celebrity endorsement advertising, where the perceived match, or mismatch, of brand attributes with the endorsers attributes influences consumer response to such marketing communications, and the marketing mix as a whole. However, one of the most difficult challenges for marketers remains the large, diverse means of communication and communication options that are available to support their brands: TV, print, and interactive advertising; trade and consumer promotions; arts, sports, and cause sponsorships; etc. Consequently, marketers must understand what various marketing communication options have to offer and how they should be combined to optimize their marketing communications programs. Towards that goal, Keller et al (2001) considered how to develop, implement, and evaluate an integrated marketing communication program, including event sponsorship. To provide both macro perspectives, especially relevant for managerial planning, and micro perspectives; they provided criteria as to how integrated marketing communication programs can be designed and evaluated as a whole, i.e. according to coverage, contribution, commonality, complementarities, robustness, and cost considerations. They also described how the two perspectives relate and conclude by discussing theoretical and managerial implications and outlining future research directions. The competitive strategy literature seems to offer two principal approaches to the problems of developing marketing strategy in volatile environments, labelled as the formal and informal approaches by Wilson (1999).. More recent research into managerial cognition provides promising possibilities for integrating formal and informal approaches to understanding strategy development in volatile conditions, and exploratory research by Wilson (1999) has shown that, in practice and in contrast to much of the strategic marketing literature, the response of organizations in volatile environments depends fundamentally on how the managers involved perceive their environment and that managerial perception can vary considerably between, and even within, rival organizations facing ostensibly similar environments. As a result, the effectiveness of an organizations strategy can depend crucially on these managerial perceptions, or paradigms, and that it may be more realistic to regard competitive str ategy as an organization’s response to the perception of competitive ‘threat’, rather than the more popular emphasis on ‘opportunity’; thus sponsorship is often undertaken as a response to a competitor pursuing a similar strategy, and reaping perceived benefits. Finally, although the importance of signs and symbols has been widely recognized in an integrated marketing approach, only a handful of consumer researchers have developed theory and research programs based on semiotics, the doctrine of signs. Mick (1986) outlined the emergence and principal perspectives of semiotics and then discussed its applications and implications for consumer research and marketing strategy Among its strengths, semiotics positions meaning at the nucleus of consumer behaviour, provides a rich ‘meta-language’ for semiotic consumer research, and recommends a multi-paradigm philosophy of marketing which can be applied to the effective integration of sponsorship into a wide ranging marketing strategy. Evaluating Effectiveness The use of sales figures, traditionally used to measure marketing effectiveness, as an indicator of sponsorship effectiveness is highly problematic in consequence of the possible influences of collateral marketing communications inputs, carry-over effects of past advertising, changing economic conditions, entry or exit of competing businesses, and so on. Hence, the results of sponsorship are typically appraised in terms of awareness levels achieved; attitudes created or altered; prompted and unprompted brand or company name recall; the extents of television, radio and press coverage, and cost per thousand prospects. (Bennett, 1999) A common approach is to measure the duration of television coverage of a sponsored event and the magnitude of press coverage obtained in terms of single column inches and then to compute the cost of purchasing corresponding amounts of space or broadcast time (Allen, 1990). This is convenient and practicable, but only indicates the extent of the publicity r esulting from sponsorship, rather than the impact and effects of the exposure (Meenaghan, 1991). Meenaghan (1991) in fact recommends a three-fold evaluation procedure: determination of a companys present position in terms of pre-sponsorship awareness and image with the target audience; tracking to detect movements in customer attitudes towards the firm; and the post-sponsorship comparison of performance levels against initial objectives. A number of theorists, primarily Thwaites (1995), have advocated the use of tracking devices to monitor sponsorship effectiveness, however Marshall and Cook (1992) found that although 78 per cent of a sample of 58 UK sponsoring companies evaluated their investments in some way or other, very few of them actually undertook specialised tracking. Allen (1990) similarly reported evidence to suggest that only a small number of companies completed any formal evaluation of their sponsorship expenditure, or engaged in any research whatsoever designed to identify the likely interests of target customers. The survey conducted by Thwaites (1995) found that while two-thirds of a sample of 30 companies sponsoring UK football teams attempted to evaluate their sponsorship activities, few went beyond the basic measurement of media coverage, and generally unsophisticated methods seemed to be applied. Reasons advanced by managers for not evaluating sponsorship effectiveness included the costs and uncertainties involved, technical research difficulties, absence of meaningful criteria for assessment, and lack of clear initial objectives (Allen, 1990; Thwaites, 1995). As a result, Bennett (1999), suggested that a sponsoring companys ability to create false consensus among spectators represents a concrete and useful device for measuring the effectiveness of sponsorship activities. In the absence of an external measure of validity of sports advertising effectiveness, alternative measures are often utilized. For example, John Hancock Financial Services measures the effectiveness of its bowl sponsorship by the number of stories and lineage in newspapers and magazines across the country (McCarthy 1991). For the 1990 ‘John Hancock Bowl’, an American football collegiate championship, 21 binders of newspaper clippings were collected, whose value the insurance company estimated at over $1 million of advertising equivalency. Another approach used by event sponsors is to compare sales in periods before and after the sponsored event, however such surrogate measures give no evidence of the size of the audience exposed to the promotion. Furthermore, Levin 1993), claims that measures such as these are incomplete because they do not tell â€Å"how event marketing shapes consumer awareness, attitudes and impressions of a company or its brands†.. It is possible to have on-site audience research that goes beyond mere number counting and studies consumer attitudes, interests, and opinions (AIO). For example, statisticians, including Sudman (1980), have developed techniques to make place-based media surveys conform to traditional norms Research has also demonstrated that audiences at particular events have varied demographic and lifestyle characteristics, as well as distinct AIO (Nicholls, Laskey, and Roslow 1992). This finding makes certain events more attractive to some sponsors than others. For instance, Nicholls and Roslow (1994) found that the Maryland Gold Cup steeplechase attracts spectators targeted by the local Mercedes-Benz dealers, whereas those attending the Indy CART automobile race in Miami have characteristics sought by Nissan. Even though Mercedes-Benz and Nissan understand the importance of demographics, lifestyles, and AIO, the impact of sponsorship and advertising in place-based media is still enigmatic. Where it is possible to make purchases on-site, sales measures are available and, moreover, can be related to the characteristics of customers. For instance, individuals who purchase particular items at a supermarket may be tracked by specialized Nielsen and IRI databases. (Nicholls and Roslow, 1994) In general, however, advertising effectiveness measures are not available for audiences at most place based sites, including sports events, unless they are specially commissioned. Thus, Nicholls and Roslow (1994) were most concerned with methods of measuring the advertising effectiveness of a specific sports event Traditional measures of effectiveness, beyond actual sales, include advertising exposure, consumer attitudes, brand recall, and purchase intentions, and Nicholls and Roslow (1994) collected and an alyzed brand preference on sponsor brands promoted at a professional golf tournament in order to build a model of sponsorship effectiveness. Examples from Specific Genres â€Å"Action sports†, an emerging genre of individualistic sports, increased immensely in popularity over the end of the last century (Bennett et al, 2002). Sponsorship of action sports events has likewise increased rapidly over the last few years, and these sponsorships are prevalent on most televised event broadcasts. Bennett et al’s (2002) research suggested that there is an expansive and increasing action sports industry and several major corporate sponsors have uncovered the benefits of advertising on ESPN, NBC, and others. Advertising research is replete with examples of utilizing intermediate measures to assess sponsorship effectiveness, and the literature base on intermediate measures in sport marketing has now been well established by the authors listed above, and has provided sport marketing and management practitioners with useful data on intermediate measures utilized by the LPGA, Olympic Games, and Gay Games, respectively. However, despite the development o f literature on sponsorship effectiveness within the sport industry, there is a relative paucity of original research on the action sports phenomenon. As such, Bennett and Lachowetz (2004) discussed the attractiveness of the action sports genre to the ‘Generation Y’ market, claiming that action sports events may increase in popularity even further over the next few years. Since action sports were founded by individuals seeking to be involved in participant-controlled sports, the genre will likely continue to have some mass appeal for the members of ‘Generation Y’, and therefore many companies and marketers will seek to benefit from the transfer of brand associations resulting from the firms aligning themselves with the events and athletes that appeal to the youth segment. Certainly, there are valuable lessons for all sports sponsorship marketing practitioners that can be learned from the substantial growth of the action sports industry, and since there has been such a dramatic rise in the popularity and strength of the genre, practitioners should analyze the efforts made by those responsible for expanding the industry. Obtaining sponsors that appeal to targeted markets or have the capability of transferring images is another objective that has been utilized by action sports marketers and managers, and marketers should consider being authentic or creating a cool image when attempting to influence the youth market, especially one so large and filled with cynicism toward corporate sponsorship. As such, Bennett and Lachowetz (2004) concluded that choosing sponsors that can deliver on authenticity rather than simply provide a revenue stream may allow greater return on investment in the future for those targeting ‘Generation Y’ Moving to looking at a more mature genre, certain professional sport organisations fall short of educating their corporate clients with respect to all of the benefits and attributes of the sport products they offer, including sponsorship programs, luxury suites and event sponsorship(Lachowetz et al, 2003). In response to this problem, theorists have developed a nine-step framework: â€Å"eduselling,† that identifies corporate sales activities designed to assist professional sport franchises in the education and retention of their corporate customers. Lachowetz et al. (2003) surveyed all 29 teams in the National Basketball Association (NBA) in an attempt to validate the nine-step process, with the purpose of the study being to collect more detailed information about the sales activities used by NBA franchises. As a follow up to the study, marketing directors were selected from five NBA franchises, with selection criteria including average to below-average team winning percentag e and average to above-average corporate customer retention rates, which indicated an effective corporate sales strategy. Methodology Theoretical Models A great deal of fieldwork has attempted to gauge the relative effectiveness of sponsorship in a marketing context, but theorists such as Cornwell et al (2005) claim that these â€Å"weakly controlled field studies contribute little to our understanding of how individuals process sponsorship-linked marketing communications.† By considering qualitative factors, including possible underlying information processing mechanics, individual and group level factors, market factors, and management factors, together with theorized sponsorship outcomes, Cornwell et al (2005) thus offers a theoretical model of consumer focused sponsorship linked marketing communications that summarizes and extends theoretical understanding of the topic. Grohs et al (2004) in contrast, examined these obstacles of assessing sponsor awareness and image transfer in sport sponsorships in two ways. Firstly, as a means of reducing the danger of ambush marketing, they analysed a qualitative model designed to identify what drives correct sponsor identification. Their empirical results, collected to test the model, indicated that event sponsor fit, event involvement, and exposure are the dominant factors predicting sponsor recall, thus offering sponsors a basis for successful sponsorship planning and execution through the selection of an appropriate sponsorship. Secondly, Grohs et al (2004) proposed and empirically tested a quantitative model that assesses image transfer in sport sponsorships, finding support for a basic level of image transfer for all sponsors. However, more detailed research and interpretation of results suggest that the magnitude of image transfer depended on two factors: sponsorship leverage and event sponsor fit. The other main theoretical pieces of work were conducted by Keller (2001) and Wilson (1999). Keller (2001) aimed specifically to provide micro perspectives especially relevant for academic research, and in order to achieve this, they introduced the Marketing Communication Tetrahedron, a quantitative model, as a marketing paradigm approach, as well as a means of classifying and analyzing factors influencing marketing communication effectiveness along four broad dimensions, i.e. factors related to the consumer, communication, response, and situation. In contrast, Wilson et al built a model based on research that suggested that organizations seem to respond initially to the perception of competitive threat by reinforcing previous behaviour patterns before later and often reluctantly adopting more innovative reforms, implying a cyclical pattern of paradigm adjustment. Implications for further research and for management practice are discussed including the need for multi paradigm models, to compensate for said cyclical behaviour. Survey, Questionnaire and Empirical Data Oriented One of the major quantitative, practical pieces of work on the subject was the on site survey conducted by Nicholls and Roslow (1994) at the Doral-Ryder Open Golf Tournament in 1992. At the time, this was a major Professional Golf Association (PGA) championship, held each year at the Doral Country Club in Miami, Florida, with the principal sponsor, Ryder System, being a major vehicle leasing corporation, headquartered in the United States, but with numerous operations abroad. Nine major sponsors were included in the analysis, and the survey was conducted on each of the four days of the actual professional tournament. The championship itself was preceded by several days of pro-am rounds and a musical evening so that the whole affair extended over ten days, and respondents were interviewed as the tournament progressed. Each of the interviewers was assigned to a specific location on the golf course and a total sample of 276 respondents was obtained during the final four days of tournament play. Interviewers were instructed to select the first person to cross a given point following the conclusion of each interview, and this procedure was found to have reduced bias with respect to the interviewer selection of the respondents. Respondents were asked their specific brand preference in the categories included in the study, and the analysis investigated whether the preference for advertiser sponsored brands was related to the number of days attended. Nicholls and Roslow’s (1994) stated aim was to establish whether there was any empirical relationship between spectators’ degree of preference for brands advertised on-site and the number of days these spectators attended the tournament, i.e. the number of advertising messages directed to the events audience. Their findings provided a link betw een the degree of brand exposure and the degree of preference however, despite the large number of respondents interviewed, the link was found to be equivocal at best. A more decisive piece of practical work was completed by Bennett et al (2002) who, after concluding that their literature review revealed no significant research involving sponsorship and action sports, undertook an investigation of the effectiveness of action sports sponsorships.. They claimed that such a study was both warranted and timely; and thus composed an original 19 item questionnaire in order to measure action sports sponsor and athlete recognition by members of the ‘Generation Y’ market. The results from these questionnaires were crucial in forming their conclusions about targeting younger people. Similarly, as part of their work, Lachowetz et al (2003) interviewed numerous individuals by means of a 45-60 minute phone interview. Data from these calls was qualitatively a

International Politics Essay

The ongoing violence between the indigenous communities of Peru on the one hand and the government on the other has been cited as the one of the country’s worst political crises. For a considerable period, the communities have not only expressed their opposition against the government, but have also engaged in acts of civil disobedience in the recent past. In June this year, confrontations between indigenous protestors and the state police left nearly a hundred people dead and hundreds injured, the majority of the casualties and fatalities being civilians (Romero, 2009). This followed a government decision to end the massive demonstrations by launching an aggressive military campaign against those protesting on the country’s roads. In essence, the communities’ initiative of holding peaceful demonstration so as to protest against the exploitation of the Amazon rain forest, and the deliberate government efforts to counter such protests can be described as a global crisis precipitated by the unprecedented struggle to exploit the few natural resources available in the environment. Though the conflict is occurring at the national level, its effects will inevitably be felt at the international front, considering the central position of the Amazon as a focal biodiversity epicenter. Globalization has been defined as the process of blending or homogenization by which individuals and organizations of the world are unified into one society and work together without restrictions, through a combination of economical, technological, socio-cultural and political forces. It also entails the reduction or elimination of enforced restrictions of countries on international exchanges hence increasing integrated and complex global system of production and exchange (Christian, 2002). Indeed, globalization has served to shape the world economy. Individual economies which were originally isolated from each other are currently being influenced by the each other’s actions, as well as policies and circumstances in the global markets, which in turn assist them to devise their own policy measures. One of the characterizing attributes of globalization is the process of merging and integrating the economies of world economies. Over the past half century, the western countries, and particularly United States and Europe have been vocal in the establishment of a global market economy characterized by the free flow of people and capital, and free trade. However, a skeptical view depicts global integration as only beneficial to the developed world, but harmful to poor nations, the environment as well as native populations. In the face of many, the process is increasingly worsening the global environmental crisis that has prevailed with the intensification of industrialization (Christian, 2002). From a practical point of view, this appears to be the case in Amazon basin of Peru. In April 2006, the United States and Peruvian governments signed a Free Trade Agreement intended to foster bilateral trade between the two countries. Even at its outset, the agreement was heavily criticized by environmental organizations, citing potential environmental and labor concerns. The FTA became effective in February this year, and precipitated a number changes in Peru’s law so as to facilitate increased access to the Amazon forest (Cabello, 2009). Although the Peruvian Congress approved the initiation of such legislative changes, the indigenous people living in the expansive Amazon region were not consulted, thus contravening the 169th convention of the International Labor Organization. Describing the regulations as a deliberate move to invite foreign companies to exploit the natural resources within the forest zones, the native communities held massive protests in August 2008. Subsequently, the Congress was forced to repeal two of the laws, and additionally pledged to reexamine the others. The apparent failure to abide by the promise eventually led to an eruption of renewed protests starting April 2009. Since then, they have been remained persistent in advancing their cause: that the legislative provisions which inevitably undermine their land and water rights have to be abolished (Romero, 2009). Central in the current conflict between the indigenous people and the Peruvian government is the controversy surrounding the idea of allowing multinational oil corporations, particularly those of American origin, to explore as well as mine oil and other mineral resources in the Amazon under the 2006 agreement (Romero, 2009). From a basic point of view, the physical clashes represent the conflicting interests between these two parties. On the one hand, the government led by President Garcia purports to exploit the natural resources in the Amazon in order to bring economic wealth for all citizens. Notably, the potential geographical zones to be explored for their oil and gas deposits cover about seventy two percent of the country’s rain forests (Chauvin, 2009). Similarly, the government also intends to open up the water resources and forest lands to other economic activities such as large-scale farming and extensive mining explorations. From the side of the incumbency, such a move should not elicit any local opposition, considering that the government’s ownership of all subsoil rights. The exploration of these vast lands by multinational corporations would definitely accrue immense economic wealth. On the other hand, the indigenous people see the move as a threat to their ancestral land, their own security, and the environment in general. This is so considering the fact that the mineral exploration initiatives could end up affecting more than thirty thousand natives spread across six of Peru’s provinces (Chauvin, 2009). An estimated 50 percent of Peru is covered by the Amazon rain forest, which houses more than sixty ethnic groups. In the recent past however, the Amazon region has attracted numerous oil, gas, and other mining corporations with the objective of exploring the natural resources found within the forest. Since 2005 for instance, the regions selected for gas and oil concessions have significantly increased (from an estimated fifteen to seventy percent) (Cabello, 2009). Early this year, the country’s oil licensing organization signed contracts with several multinational oil corporations, permitting them to explore natural resources in the Amazon. Although such initiatives will promote economic growth in the country, a critical observation reveals the activities of these international companies jeopardize the very existence of the Amazon, which is widely recognized as an important center of biodiversity, even at the global front. Indeed, the Amazon Basin is an extremely important resource especially when we consider international issues such as the realities of environmental pollution and global warming. Generating close to twenty percent of the earth’s fresh water, the basin is home to numerous indigenous Peruvian communities. Despite their continued habitation of the forest regions for many years, the natural resources have been well-preserved, thus promoting environmental sustainability. Additionally, the Amazon has been cited as vital in the regulation of atmospheric emissions, particularly carbon dioxide responsible for environmental pollution, besides stabilizing rainfall and guarding against desertification (Chauvin, 2009). Seen in this sense, Amazon has served to mitigate the devastating impacts of climate change that are often associated with global warming. Recent government reports highlight continued overlap between the concession lands (those designated for hydrocarbon extraction) and the natural protected areas occupied by the indigenous population (Chauvin, 2009). United States’ oil companies such as Burlington and Hunt Oil are currently mining fossil fuels in areas that were traditionally reserved as natural lands. With no hope of a possible retreat of the current trends, the indigenous Peruvians continue to face numerous environmental problems including soil and water pollution, which in turn impacts negatively on their health. In essence, continued investment in the Amazon rainforest appears to contradict what world nations, including the U. S. nd Peru postulate as viable strategies of mitigating the currently witnessed global climate change. It is apparent that the continued extraction and transportation of fossil fuels will lead to an unprecedented release of toxic materials into the soil and increasing the percentage of greenhouse emissions in the atmosphere. Additionally, these multinational companies are also contributing to deforestation via the establishment of infrastructures such as roads and oil pipelines. It is indeed ironical that bilateral and international agreements such as the one between the U. S. nd Peru could actually end up fueling the global climate crisis and threatening the very livelihoods of indigenous populations, rather than initiating measures towards its alleviation and encouraging sustainable development. It is questionable that the Peruvian government should take advantage of the natives who lack title deeds and therefore direct claims to the land they have lived in for many years. Instead of focusing on the immediate economic benefits, the government ought to consider the potential harm to the Amazon Basin, as well as the life it has supported for a prolonged duration.

Iban Marriage

A young man may marry at the age of twenty-two, if he is the only child in the family. If he has brothers or sisters, he is likely to marry when he grows older. A girl usually marries at the age of eighteen. At these ages young men and women generally know how to support themselves. If a young man wants to marry he may tell his parents, so that they may choose the daughter of one of their close relatives for him. If he wishes to marry a particular girl, he may tell them so, so that they may think about it in making a final decision.If they agree to their son’s choice, they will send word regarding their intention to the girl’s parents. If the boy’s request is acceptable to the parents of the girl, then the latter may fix a day for nanya bini, when they can discuss formally the rules they will follow at the wedding of their children. A day or two prior to nanya bini, the young man’s parents will inform their relatives about the coming wedding of their son t o the girl he loves.They also request that three men and three women who are very closely related to them join them in meeting and discussing the coming marriage with the girl’s parents on the nanya bini day. The nanya bini meeting between parents of the future bride and the bridegroom may take place either during the day or at night. If it is held during the day, the young man’s parents and relatives will come early to the girl’s room. On their arrival the men are asked to take a seat on the mats which have been spread for this purpose along the girl’s family’s upper gallery, while the women are invited to take a seat in the family room.At about 10 a. m. , after the visitors have been entertained with drinks, the girl’s father calls all the people of the longhouse and his relatives who have arrived from other villages to gather at his lower gallery in order to hear his discussion with his visitors. After the people have taken their seats th e parents of the bride and the bridegroom inform their friends arid relatives that they have agreed that their son and their daughter should be married if the bridegroom’s parents agree to the payment of adat nikah (marriage price) demanded by the bride’s parents as follows: 1.A bride’s wealth of $100 to $300, depending upon the family background of the bride-to-be, and lower than $100 if she is of low birth. 2. A sigi alas muda, $4. 00, to sigi rusa, $8. 00, of bunga pinang (ceremonial wedding fee), and sigi jabir, $1. 00, to sigi panding, $2. 00 again, if the bride is of low birth. 3. One medium size brass gun (bedil) for batang pinang and one bendai gong for tandan pinang if the bride and the bridegroom are of distinguished families. People of common background would not demand the batang and tandan pinang presents from the bridegroom’s family.If the bridegroom’s parents agree to pay the marriage price, then a genealogist (tukang tusut) will rec ite the bride’s and the bridegroom’s family trees to see whether the marriage is incestuous or not. Incestuous means in this connection that the couple is kin of different generations. If their union is incestuous to this sense then the bridal parents should inform the Penghulu (district chief) that the coming marriage ceremony of their children will be celebrated with besapat ka ai or bekalih di darat depending on the category of the incest as discussed earlier (cf, pp. 29-30).At the end of the discussion of nanya bini, the groom’s parents leave a silver girdle (lampit) with the bride as a deposit to bind their promise. A day is then set for the melah pinang or marriage ceremony which must be held within three months. If it is an incestuous marriage, it must be held as soon as possible after the besapat ka ai or bekalih di darat ceremonies in order to avoid kudi (disaster). A few days after this, the groom’s parents will gather the people of their longho use to inform them that their son’s marriage has been agreed upon in discussion with the future bride’s parents.The groom’s father also tells them of the day agreed upon for the wedding festival. From this time onwards the groom’s family starts to make cakes and accumulates the derian fees. The marriage festival (melah pinang) is held in the bride’s house. About one week before the Melah Pinang festival is held, the groom’s parents again call all the people in their longhouse to meet at their gallery as they are to send the belanja (expenses) to the bride’s parents. At this meeting each family in the longhouse presents whatever money its members have agreed to con-tribute to finance the feast.After the groom’s parents have sent their belanja for the Melah Pinang feast, the girl’s parents will begin to pound rice, brew jars of tuak wine, and buy the necessary bulls, pigs and drinks for the oc ¬casion. Four to five days before the ceremony, the girl’s parents call for a meeting of people on their house gallery. At this meeting, the girl’s father enquires from the heads of each family whether they have finished making preparations for the ceremony. If all preparations have been made, then the bride’s father will inform the people of how many neighboring longhouses he intends to invite to the feast.The people of other families in the longhouse will naturally agree to this and one man is sent to invite the guests upriver while another man is sent downriver. The two men inform the guests to come to the wedding festival early that day so that their reception can be properly perfor ¬med. By this point the agreement to marry is considered binding on both par ¬ties, and compensation must be paid if either wishes to break the agreement. 1. If a young man makes a promise to discuss his marriage with a girl’s parents and fails to do so according to his promise, he is fined sigi jabir, $1. 0, and sigi panding, $2. 00, for the cost of pinang sirih wasted by the parents of the girl. If he refuses to pay the fine, the case is brought to the court of the Penghulu for further hearing. 2. If a bridegroom fails to marry his bride after the melah pinang day has been fixed, through no fault of the later, the former is fined sigi panding, $2. 00, and sigi alas, $4. 00, respectively, the later for the cost of wasted pinang sirih. If the bridegroom refuses to pay the fine, the case is brought to the Penghulu’s court for further judgment.

Making A Business Decision For Any Ceo Essay - 1130 Words

Making a business decision for any CEO is easy, the main principle is to keep the shareholders happy by generating more revenue. The more money a company earns the more attractive it looks to the potential investor. Now, from history, we have learned that every CEO is not created equal and some use bad business practices to earn more revenue. So, laws were created to set guidelines, companies started to use risk assessment to see if a decision would lead to any legal recourse that would make them a liability, or put them in fault. Not until I took this class did I not realize that there is no one law for every decision that must be made in a business. Thus, the need for ethical decision making. Ethics is described as a normative, because is rely on our reasoning of how we should act. How we think we should act is heavily influenced by our morals and personal integrity. Norms are normal behaviors but what may be normal or what my values are may be different from yours. Therefore, in business, it is important to create good ethical values as set standards. Not only does this create personal responsibly but also aware of social responsibly. This way if someone had to make a decision because they understand the values their reasoning should be ethical. Reasoning can be practical which deals with what we should do and theoretical dealing with what we believe we should do. Making decisions can be hard, so there is an ethical decision-making process you can follow. We mayShow MoreRelatedEssay Successful CEO Strategies966 Words   |  4 PagesSuccessful CEO Strategies Being a CEO is proven to be much more difficult than trying to become one. Over the last few months we have been examining the reasons behind the successes and failures of some great CEO practitioners. It seems that, despite the different managerial styles, great CEOs employ some common techniques. The following pages contain the goldenRead MoreNotes On Past Management Approach1153 Words   |  5 Pagesnew society and world of business. The way the world keeps changing from year to year is the reasoning for the different approaches to management systems. Research has shown a big change in just three years and still continues today, by becoming experts to working in teams and focus on putting their clients with great service. The CEO would also, come to each SunTrust Bank to stay in touch with team member on how to connect with clients. Team members were pushed in making more sales to promote a profitableRead MoreI Will Debate My Middle1379 Words   |  6 Pagestraded firms, CEOs ar e agents of the shareholder, and by virtue of them being in that role, their primary fiduciary responsibility is to watch the interest of the shareholders and maximize the returns to the shareholders. Inasmuch as that, all decisions from the managers of these firms have to be for one and only one purpose – maximizing the shareholder’s profit. These include decisions that authorize spending of the firm’s money on activities of Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR). Any act performedRead MoreCase Analysis : Ford Pinto Incident1223 Words   |  5 Pagestheory to use when making business decisions, and why the liability should fall on the people regulating the market interactions, not the producer of the products. Second, I will come from a different angle and analyze the objections that some people may have about the Stakeholder theory. Last, I will analyze the ethics and consequences of taking a different course of action as the CEO of Ford. By the end of this paper, you should have an in depth understanding of why the decision to go ahead withRead MoreCase Study728 Words   |  3 Pages Jacque Hartnett 1. Why was the CEO going ahead with the dismissal when he did? The CEO probably felt this was his only opportunity to get rid of Dr. Dulac before the chairman came back from vacation. Just because the chairman was friends with Dr. Dulac and also a patient of his, the chairman should have put that aside because they are running a business. Sometimes being friends and engaging in business does not coincide with one another. Dr. Dulac wasn’t fulfillingRead MoreThe Role Of Finance Departments For Training Future Ceos807 Words   |  4 PagesFinance Departments for Training Future CEOs In light of involvement with the department of finance, a CFO presents a conceivably effective CEO for tending to the requirements of the corporation. CFOs perform focal roles in organizations. In any case, these roles are centered predominantly on the finance related viewpoint. The duties of the finance section areto make choices on the activities to be executed within the corporation. This office is also vital in dictating authoritative administrationRead MoreCase Study : The Dark Ages Attitude Toward Management1543 Words   |  7 PagesASSESMENT 1: CASE STUDY – 3599603 (James Xanthis) HealthCo has created many problems from its â€Å"dark ages† attitude toward management. This has occurred due to a very routine way of operation where what the CEO says goes, and input from staff is brushed off as â€Å"the CEO can’t see a reason to change.† This autocratic management style is leaving staff feeling unvalued and just another â€Å"number†. Staff are wanting more interaction with management and a more flexible wayRead MoreThe Case Of The Lehman Brothers Was Truly An Eye Opening Event1053 Words   |  5 Pages American Capitalism. Is a large discrepancy between executive pay and that of the average worker unfair to the worker? Is it unfair to increase a CEO s compensation at the same time that he or she downsizes the workforce? What is an ethically justifiable way to determine the pay of a CEO of a large corporation? Explain. The Lehman Brothers debacle was truly an eye opening event that forced the topic of executive pay and abuse into the mainstream. Up to this point, as American businesses continuedRead MoreLeadership and Ethical Decision Making1091 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership and Ethical Decision – Making Richard Garner INTD670-1301A-06 Leadership and Ethical Decision – Making Dr. Lisa Smart January 14, 2013 Phase 1 Individual Project Abstract Ethics are principles that are kept throughout one’s life so that he/she maintains a respectable level of honest value. Based on my moral outlook on life, my view of ethics may differ to that of many in this class. The reason for that is ethics partially depends on the individual feelings of a given situationRead MoreLeadership Decision Making. Leaders Will Undeniably Be1147 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership Decision Making Leaders will undeniably be faced with a plethora of different decisions to make. Some of the decisions that they make are not necessarily the most important decisions that are needed to be made, and in most cases these minor decisions will affect nobody but themselves. However some of the decisions that they have to make can affect every person that is involved with the task at hand. Making these kind of decisions big and small are part of what is expected from someone